“The Ghetto” is that part of a city where a minority group, often due to political, social, or economic factors, is forced to live. Perhaps the best example of these were the World War II Jewish Ghettoes of the Holocaust (i.e., Warsaw, Krakow). During the same period, in America, we had the Japanese Internment Camps (i.e., Tula Lake, Heart Mountain). In the second half of the twentieth century major Ghettoes in America were renamed slums and were located in major cities. These, ranged from Tenement slums (Lower East Side and Harlem) to Public Housing Projects like Cabrini-Green in Chicago and others in Bed-Sty and Williamsburg in Brooklyn. In dilapidated towns or rural communities they were simply referred to as being “on the other side of the tracks.” The “Inner City” was just a euphonism to camouflage the nitty-gritty reality of our modern Ghettoes. The term was designed to further isolate the “Slums” with their share of underperforming public schools and scant municipal services from the “respected” communities. The “Blues,” as you know, is a musical art form which speaks of the laments of the spirit ignited by the pain and suffering inherit in the human condition. The inherit conditions of our communitas were the bedrock of the Inner-Ghetto Blues.
Growing up in the ‘60’s and 70’s we were fully aware that we were living in the Ghetto and attending Inner City schools. We would cry out for change. Not being heard or understood we turned to violence in the form of the Race Riots of the day. We were left to our own devices and the sad aftermath of the burning down our own neighborhoods. The pain would last for decades with little to none improvements in the quality of life in the Ghetto. Sociologists and Urban Planners pried through our lives and our communities in a vain effort to show they truly cared. They authored Commission Reports and other “White Papers” on the causes of poverty and other ills in our Inner Cities. Most recommendations were seldom implemented and would lie dormant on some shelf. There simply was no denying how we were viewed and how we were treated.
For our part we turned to Music and the Arts to soothe our souls, cement our Brotherhood and Sisterhoods, and make alliance with those who knew the truth behind it all. Donny Hathaway in his pulsating tune “The Ghetto” captured the sound and flavor of the Ghetto. Johnny Cash’s “In the Ghetto” captured the lament and sorrow of a mother with the harrowing lyric “A child is born in the Ghetto … and a Mother Cries.” Bracing ourselves for impact we would flow with War on “The World is A Ghetto.” They, ever so gracefully, beseeched us with – “Don’t you know, that for me and for you, the World is A Ghetto.” On Broadway we would champion James Earl Jones as Jack Johnson in the epic pugilistic battle dubbed “The Great White Hope.” In “Ain’t Supposed to Die a Natural Death” Melvin Van Peebles purposely brought to the fore the drugs, homelessness, unemployment, police corruption, and other ills of ghetto life, such that we were to be seen. The “Blaxplotation” films such as Superfly, Shaft, and Sweet Sweetback’s Baad Asssss Song equally portrayed the trials and tribulations of Inner City living while aiming to paint the enemy as “Whitey.” We needed that.
Speaking of which, “White America” has seemingly tired of us dwelling on the Inner-Ghetto Blues” and dispensed with using the terms Slums, Ghettoes, and the Inner-City. And, as if that was not enough, has embarked on a course of urban “Gentrification” to once and for all put us out of our misery. Gentrification has succeeded in decoupling us from any nostalgia for the good old Inner-City. And, as it turns out, the modern city dweller is impressed with all the glitter of “Gentrification” and profess ignorance of their own roles in the process. These mostly “White” enclaves are touted as the re-invention of our urban centers; having not only eliminated the long-standing blight but the local residents as well. These new urban centers are designed to attract the up and coming (those with means) at the expense of the residents with deep roots in the community and the small businesses that once flourished. These upscale changes tend to camouflage the ever-expanding income gap and the vast increase in homelessness. In a real sense, “Homeless Encampments represent the reinvented and out-of-sight Ghettoes. Back in the Day, a group of young troubadours known as the “Mighty Temp” belted out their tune – “Ball of Confusion (That’s What the World is Today).” Their message rings just as true today.